Compare JunOs ( Juniper ) vs IoS ( Cisco )

Cisco Command	Juniper Command	Co-Ordinating Definition
show run	sh configuration	Show running configuration
sh ver	sh ver	Show version
show ip interface brief	show interface terse	displays the status of interfaces configured for IP
show interface [intfc]	show interfaces [intfc] detail	displays the interface configuration, status and statistics.
show controller intfc	show interfaces intfc extensive	displays information about a physical port device
show interface | incl (proto|Desc)	show interfaces description	displays the interface configuration, status and statistics
show ip route	show route	displays summary information about entries in the routing table
show ip bgp summary	show bgp summary	displays the status of all Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) connections
show ip bgp net mask	show route protocol bgp prefix	will show you how that route is being advertised, look for the first line
show ip bgp net mask longer-prefixes	show route range prefix	will show you how that route is being advertised, look for the first line
show ip bgp regexp AS-regexp	show route aspath-regexp "AS-regexp"	displays routes matching the autonomous system (AS) path regular expression
show ip bgp neighbors neigh received-routes	show route receive-protocol bgp neigh show route source-gateway neigh protocol bgp	Shows whether a neighbor supports the route refresh capability
show ip bgp neighbor neigh advertised-routes	show route advertising-protocol bgp neigh	Shows whether a neighbor supports the route refresh capabilty
show clns neighbors	show isis adjacency	displays both ES and IS neighbors
show clns interface	show isis interface	shows specific information about each interface
show ip route isis	show isis routes	displays the current state of the the routing table
show isis topology	show isis spf	displays a list of all connected routers in all areas
show ip ospf interface	show ospf neighbor	shows neighbor ID, Priority, IP, & State if the neighbor router, dead time.
show ip ospf interface	show ospf interface	shows neighbor id, pri, state, dead time, address and interface
show ip route ospf	show ospf route	display the current state of the routing table
show ip ospf database	show ospf database	display list of information related to the OSPF database for a specific communication server
show version	show version, show system uptime	display the system hardware config., software version, and name and source of configuration files and boot images
show diags	show chasis hardware	displays power-on diagnostics status
show processes cpu	show system process	displays utilization statistics
show tech-support	request support info	displays the current software image, configuration, controllers, counters, stacks, interfaces, memory and buffers
show logging	show log messages	display the state of logging to the syslog
show route-map name	show policy name	displayall route-maps configured or only the one specified
show ip prefix-list name	show policy name	display information about a prefix list or prefix list entries
show ip community-list list	configure,  show policy-options community name	display routes that are permitted by BGP community list
show environment all	show chassis  environment	displays temperature and voltage information on the console
ping dest	ping dest rapid (for cisco like output) ping dest (for unix like output)	to check to see if a destination is alive
ping (setting source int)	ping dest bypass-routing	to check to see if a destination is alive
terminal monitor	monitor start messages	Change console terminal settings
terminal no monitor	monitor stop	Change console terminal settings
terminal length 0	set cli screen-length 0	sets the length for displaying command output

was taken from http://networking.ringofsaturn.com/Cisco/ciscojuniper.php

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Firewall ( introduction )

A firewall is a device that is part hardware and part software that is used to secure network access. Fundamentally, both types of firewalls have the same objective: to provide a method of enforcing an access control policy. Indeed, at the simplest definition, firewalls are nothing more than access control policy enforcement points.

Types of Firewalls ;

Packet Filters
The most basic firewall technology is the packet filter.A packet filter is designed to filter packets based on source IP, destination IP, source port, and destination port, and do so on a packet-per-packet basis to determine if that packet should be allowed through.

The basic security principles of a packet filter, such as allowing or denying packets based upon IP address, provide the minimum amount of required security. So then, where does the packet filter go wrong? A packet filter cannot determine if the packet is associated with any other packets that make up a session.

Application Proxy
Application proxies provide one of the most secure types of access you can have in a security gateway. An application proxy sits between the protected network and the network you want to be protected from. Every time an application makes a request, the application intercepts the request to the destination system.The application proxy initiates its own request, as opposed to actually passing the client’s initial request. When the destination server responds back to the application proxy, the proxy responds back to the client as if it was the destination server.

This way the client and the destination server never actually interact directly.This is the most secure type of firewall because the entire packet, including its application portion, can be completely inspected.

Stateful Inspection
Stateful inspection is today’s choice for the core inspection technology in firewalls. Stateful inspection functions like a packet filter by allowing or denying connections based upon the same types of filtering. However, a stateful firewall also monitors the “state” of a communication.

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Jenis-jenis Jalur Koneksi Internet

Artikel berikut masih belum final.

Berikut penulis akan mencoba menjelaskan gambaran umum berbagai jenis-jenis jalur koneksi internet, dilain kesempatan penulis akan jabarkan satu persatu.

Beberapa diantara jalur koneksi internet adalah ;

Dial-up PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network)
Client melakukan koneksi ke ISP melalui telephone regular ( di Indonesia menggukan jasa PT.TELKOM)

Dial-up GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) dan CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access)
Perangkat ponsel berfungsi sebagai modem yang terhubung ke komputer melalui kabel data ponsel (port comm atau USB), IRDA ataupun bluetooth.
Koneksi internet melalui operator selular bertindak sebagai ISP dengan mengatur konfigurasi pada komputer maupun ponsel.

Leased-Line (dedicated)
dengan jalur Internet Cable, saluran telepon atau kabel coax dan fiber optik yang disewa untuk pengguna selamat 24 jam sehari untuk menghubungkan satu lokasi ke lokasi lainnya.

Frame Relay
Merupakan layanan data paket yang memungkinkan beberapa user menggunakan satu jalur transmisi pada waktu yang bersamaan.

Untuk lalu lintas komunikasi yang padat, Frame Relay jauh lebih efisien daripada sirkuit sewa (leased-line) yang disediakan khusus untuk satu pelanggan (dedicated), yang umumnya hanya terpakai 10% sampai 20% dari kapasitas lebar pita (bandwith-nya) Wave-LAN / WISP (Wireless Internet Server Provider)
koneksi jaringan lokal dengan ISP menggunakan teknologi jaringan wireless dengan perangkat radio/antenna dengan gelombang mikro 2.4 GHz (free -license).

PLC ( Power Line Communication)
koneksi dengan menggunakan jalur listrik yang bertindak sebagai ISP, dengan bantuan modem yang lansung dapat ditancapkan ke stop kontak ( yang telah dialiri listrik)

VSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminal)
Dengan menggunakan Antenna seperti piringan ( parabola ) yang menghadap ke arah satelit (langit). Satelit berfungsi sebagai penerus sinyal untuk dikirimkan ke titik lainnya di atas bumi.

Penggunaan VSAT mampu menjangkau daerah dimana tidak memungkinkan koneksi dengan jenis apapun (atau terasa mahal jika menggunakan jenis yang lain), seperti di tengah hutan, tengah lautan, dan sebagainya.

DSL (Digital Subscriber Line)
Koneksi DSL menggunakan jalur telephone reguler, dan mempunyai kecepatan lebih cepat dibanding dengan kecepatan koneksi telephone reguler meskipun sama-sama menggunakan tabel tembaga sebagai jalurnya.

ASDL ( Asynchronous Digital Subscribler Line)
Koneksi dengan menggunakan jalur telephone reguler dengan menggunakan modem dan router yang bertipe DSL dimana upstream dan downstream menggunakan kecepatanb berbeda. Jalur tipe ADSL memisahkan komunikasi telephone regular dan internet.

ISDN (Integrated Service Digital Network)
Koneksi ISDN mememungkinkan kecepatan transfer data h ingga 128.000 bps dan koneksi ini menggunakan jalur telephone reguler.

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Error 1608: File record marked used....

Penulis baru-baru ini gagal meresize harddisk dengan program Partition Magic (PM) 8.x, namun diawal booting ulang windows xp file batch dari PM gagal ketika melakukan proses resizing dan muncul pesan error seperti dibawah ini ;

Error 1608: File record marked used...

dan kemudian reboot kembali kemudian masuk ke Windows XP seperti biasa dan proses resizing partisi harddisk gatot ( gagal total ).

Jika anda pernah atau sedang mengalami hal seperti demikian, berikut solusinya ;

1. Sebelum melakukan resizing dengan PM, ketikkan perintah berikut di command prompt atau dari Run ;

CHKDSK /F

kemudian muncul pesan seperti ;

Chkdsk cannot run because the volume is in use by another process. Would you like to schedule this volume to be checked the next time the system restarts? (Y/N)
tekan Y untuk restart.
Setelah restart biarkan windows xp melakukan perbaikan terhadap harddisk.

2. Jika telah selesai , coba lakukan resizing partisi harddisk kembali dan anda akan berhasil.

Selamat mencoba :) thanks to : jkchoi

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